Modem

To connect your computer to the Internet, you need a modem. A modem is a device that sends and receives computer information over a telephone line or high-speed cable. Modems are sometimes built into the system unit, but higher-speed modems are usually separate components.

PROCESSOR :- A processor is the logic circuitry that responds to and processes the basic is that drive a computer.Calibri (Body) 

MOTHERBOARD :-  The motherboard is a printed circuit that is the foundation of a computer and allows the cpu, ram and all other computer hardware components to function with each other

R.A.M:- There are two types of ram . This rams or used for desktop and laptops

1. S.D RAM

2. DDR. RAM

S.D RAM :-                                                         

You can also use your keyboard to perform many of the same tasks you can perform with a mouse. For more information

Monitor

A monitor displays information in visual form, using text and graphics. The portion of the monitor that displays the information is called the screen. Like a television screen, a computer screen can show still or moving pictures.

There are two basic types of monitors: CRT (cathode ray tube) monitors and LCD (liquid crystal display) monitors. Both types produce sharp images, but LCD monitors have the advantage of being much thinner and lighter. CRT monitors, however, are generally more affordable.

Printer

A printer transfers data from a computer onto paper. You don't need a printer to use your computer, but having one allows you to print e‑mail, cards, invitations, announcements, and other materials. Many people also like being able to print their own photos at home.The two main types of printers are inkjet printers and laser printers. Inkjet printers are the most popular printers for the home. They can print in black and white or in full color and can produce high-quality photographs when used with special paper. Laser printers are faster and generally better able to handle heavy use.

Speakers

Speakers are used to play sound. They may be built into the system unit or connected with cables. Speakers allow you to listen to music and hear sound effects from your computer.

Mouse

A mouse is a small device used to point to and select items on your computer screen. Although mice come in many shapes, the typical mouse does look a bit like an actual mouse. It's small, oblong, and connected to the system unit by a long wire that resembles a tail. Some newer mice are wireless.A mouse usually has two buttons: a primary button (usually the left button) and a secondary button. Many mice also have a wheel between the two buttons, which allows you to scroll smoothly through screens of information.

When you move the mouse with your hand, a pointer on your screen moves in the same direction. (The pointer's appearance might change depending on where it's positioned on your screen.) When you want to select an item, you point to the item and then click (press and release) the primary button. Pointing and clicking with your mouse is the main way to interact with your computer. For more information

Keyboard

A keyboard is used mainly for typing text into your computer. Like the keyboard on a typewriter, it has keys for letters and numbers, but it also has special keys:

·         The function keys, found on the top row, perform different functions depending on where they are used.

·         The numeric keypad, located on the right side of most keyboards, allows you to enter numbers quickly.

·         The navigation keys, such as the arrow keys, allow you to move your position within a document or webpage.

DVD drives can do everything that CD drives can, plus read DVDs. If you have a DVD drive, you can watch movies on your computer. Many DVD drives can record data onto blank DVDs.

Tip

·         If you have a recordable CD or DVD drive, periodically back up (copy) your important files to CDs or DVDs. That way, if your hard disk ever fails, you won't lose your data.

Floppy disk drive

Floppy disk drives store information on floppy disks, also called floppies or diskettes. Compared to CDs and DVDs, floppy disks can store only a small amount of data. They also retrieve information more slowly and are more prone to damage. For these reasons, floppy disk drives are less popular than they used to be, although some computers still include them.Why are floppy disks "floppy"? Even though the outside is made of hard plastic, that's just the sleeve. The disk inside is made of a thin, flexible vinyl material.

Storage

Your computer has one or more disk drives—devices that store information on a metal or plastic disk. The disk preserves the information even when your computer is turned off.

Hard disk drive

Your computer's hard disk drive stores information on a hard disk, a rigid platter or stack of platters with a magnetic surface. Because hard disks can hold massive amounts of information, they usually serve as your computer's primary means of storage, holding almost all of your programs and files. The hard disk drive is normally located inside the system unit.

CD and DVD drives

Nearly all computers today come equipped with a CD or DVD drive, usually located on the front of the system unit. CD drives use lasers to read (retrieve) data from a CD, and many CD drives can also write (record) data onto CDs. If you have a recordable disk drive, you can store copies of your files on blank CDs. You can also use a CD drive to play music CDs on your computer

Parts of a computer

If you use a desktop computer, you might already know that there isn't any single part called the "computer." A computer is really a system of many parts working together. The physical parts, which you can see and touch, are collectively called hardware. (Software, on the other hand, refers to the instructions, or programs, that tell the hardware what to do.)

The illustration below shows the most common hardware in a desktop computer system. Your system may look a little different, but it probably has most of these parts. A laptop computer has similar parts but combines them into a single notebook-sized package.

Desktop computer system

Let's take a look at each of these parts.

System unit

The system unit is the core of a computer system. Usually it's a rectangular box placed on or underneath your desk. Inside this box are many electronic components that process information. The most important of these components is the central processing unit (CPU), or microprocessor, which acts as the "brain" of your computer. Another component is random access memory (RAM), which temporarily stores information that the CPU uses while the computer is on. The information stored in RAM is erased when the computer is turned off.

Almost every other part of your computer connects to the system unit using cables. The cables plug into specific ports(openings), typically on the back of the system unit. Hardware that is not part of the system unit is sometimes called aperipheral device or device.

MOUSE :- Mouse is also an input device.

                              

They are different types of mouse available

1.      Two button

2.      Three button

3.      Scroll button

PROCESSOR :- A processor is the logic circuitry that responds to and processes the basic instructions that drive a computer.

                                        

They are two types processors available

1.      Slot processor

2.     Chip processor

MOTHERBOARD :-  The motherboard is a printed circuit that is the foundation of a computer and allows the cpu, ram and all other computer hardware components to function with each other

1.     MICRO FRAME COMPUTERS :- Micro frame computer is nothing but desktop piece  FOR EXAMPLE– laptops

HARDWARE

Hardware :- Hardware is a physical device which we can view or face the trouble shoot’

HARDWARE PARTS

1.                 Monitor

2.                 Key Board

3.                 Mouse

4.                 Processor   - C.P.U. ( Central Processing Unit )

5.                 Mother Board

6.                 RAM ( Random Access Memory )

7.                 C.D. Rom ( Compact Disk Read Only Memory )

8.                 Speakers

9.                 Printer

10.                       Scanner

11.                       Web Cam

12.                       Voice chat or Head Phone

13.                       D.V.D. Writer ( Digital Versatile Disk )

14.                       D.V.D. Rom ( Digital Video Disk Read Only memory )

15.                       C.D. Writer ( Compact Disk )

16.                       S.M.P.S. ( Switch Mode Power Supply )

17.                       Hard Disk

18.                       Floppy Disk

19.                       Cabinet

20.                       Graphic Card

21.                       Fax

1.      It occupy minimum space

2.      Minimum 2 or 1 hardware engineers

3.      The system works life long

DISADVANTAGES:-

1.      Current power waste

2.      It’s duration era 1975 to 1995

5^th GENERATION :- Laptop or Bio cells

Advantages :-

1.       It occupy a slate space

2.      Minimum one hardware engineer

3.      The system work life long

4.      It’s duration era 1995 onwards

TYPES OF COMPUTERS :-  Totally they are four types of computers. They are-

1.      Super computer

2.      Main frame computer

3.      Mini frame computer

4.      Micro frame computer

1.     SUPER COMPUTERS :- It is  highest computer having a good configuration

FOR EXAMPLE- Rockets or etc

2.     MAIN FRAME COMPUTERS :- Main frame computer is a highest computer having a good configuration like P4 systems

FOR EXAMPLE- USES- This system are used in banks, hotels, school, collages and institutes   

3.     MINI FRAME COMPUTERS :-  Mini frame computers is used up to specific task like D.N.S ( Domain Naming System ) and D.H.C.P ( Dynamic Host Configuration Products )

        FOR EXAMPLE- This systems will used up to limited networking 

  2^nd  GENERATION:   In 2 generation there was transistors.

Advantages:

 Batter then first generation.

1. It occupy a half space.

2. Normal heat was generated.

3. Minimum 4 or 5 hardware engineers.

4. The system works for few months.

Disadvantages:

1.      A/c Requirement.

2.      Current waste.

3.      Money waste.

4.      Its derision era 1955 to 1965.

3 .GENERATION: ITS Integrated circuits.

1.      It occupy quarter space.

2.      Minimum 3 to 4 hardware engineers.

3.      The system works for few years.

DISADVANTAGES :-

1.      Normal heat was generated

2.      A/C requirement

3.      Current waste

4.      Money waste

5.      It’s derision era 1965 to 1975

4.GENERATION  V.L.S.I.C ( Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits )

Advantages :-

 Better than 1^st  and 2rd  are 3^rd generations

BASICS- FCC- FUNDAMENTAL COMPUTER CONCEPTS

C = Commonly.

O = Operated.

M = Machine.

P = Particularly.

U = Used for.

T = Technical.

E = Education and.

R = Research.

DEFINITION OF COMPUTER:

Computer is an electronic deride which taken the data store. It process it and gives the result finally its stored in its memory its information is very speed .

GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS:

To tamely there are 5 generations.

1^st GENERATION: In 1 generation there are 18,000 vacuum tubes.

Advantages:

1.    It occupy a lot of space.

2.    Very big heat was generated.

3.    A/c – Requirement.

4.    Current waste.

5.    Money waste.

6.    Minimum 6 or 7 hardware engineers.

7.    The system works for few days.

8.    Its derision era 1945 to 1955.